Welcome to Eye Surgery Advice:

In order to decide whether eye surgery is a viable option for you, it is important to first understand how the eye works and why people need glasses or contact lenses to see well.

The eye works much like a camera; its primary function is to focus light. For the eye to see, light rays must be bent or "refracted" to meet at a single point through the cornea, the clear window at the front of the eye that provides most of the focusing power.

Light then travels through the lens, where it is fine-tuned to focus properly on the retina, the nerve layer that lines the back of the eye and connects to the brain. The retina acts like the film in a camera, and clear vision is achieved only if light from an object is precisely focused onto it. If the light focuses either in front of or behind the retina, the image you see is blurred. A refractive error means that the shape of eye structures does not properly bend the light for focusing.

Having 20/20 vision means seeing at 20 feet what a normal person sees at 20 feet. However, if vision is measured at 20/40, it means a person has to walk up to 20 feet to see the same size letter that someone with 20/20 vision could see at 40 feet. And so on. People whose best-corrected visual acuity (what they see using glasses or contact lenses) is less than 20/200 in the better eye are considered legally blind, even though they still have enough vision to get around.

Laser eye surgery:

Laser refractive eye surgery is used to correct common eye disorders such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. There are two general types of laser surgery, photorefractive keratectomy and laser in-situ keratomileusis. The effectiveness of each method depends on the patient's symptoms.

Laser surgery has been the ultimate freedom from the everyday hassles of contact lenses and a second chance at having normal eyesight. But can everyone expect such dramatic results? Poor candidates for this surgery also include those with uncontrolled vascular disease, autoimmune disease, or people with certain eye diseases involving the cornea or retina.

Pregnant women should not have refractive surgery of any kind because the refraction of the eye may change during pregnancy.

LTK Laser Eye Surgery

Laser thermokeratoplasty, or LTK laser eye surgery, is a new procedure used to treat farsightedness and astigmatism.

During LTK laser eye surgery, a laser beam uses heat to shrink and reshape the cornea. Vision problems from farsightedness or astigmatism are corrected in a matter of seconds, without any cutting or removal of tissue.

Although highly effective in the short-term, the results of LTK laser eye surgery are not permanent. Your vision gradually regresses following LTK laser eye surgery. To compensate, the doctor will intentionally overcorrect, so you end up with your desired vision.

Photorefractive Keratotomy (PRK) Eye Surgery

Photorefractive keratectomy, or PRK, is a type of laser eye surgery used to correct mild to moderate nearsightedness, farsightedness and/or astigmatism. PRK is an outpatient procedure generally performed with local anesthetic eye drops. This type of refractive surgery gently reshapes the cornea by removing microscopic amounts of tissue from the outer surface with a cool, computer-controlled ultraviolet beam of light. The beam is so precise it can cut notches in a strand of human hair without breaking it, and each pulse can remove 39 millionths of an inch of tissue in 12 billionths of a second. The procedure itself takes only a few minutes, and patients are typically back to daily routines in one to three days.

Lasik Surgery:

lasik surgery A more complex procedure than PRK is laser in-situ keratomileusis, or LASIK. Performed for all degrees of nearsightedness, it is still in clinical trials and not yet approved by FDA.

All laser vision correction surgeries work by reshaping the cornea, or clear front part of the eye, so that light traveling through it is properly focused onto the retina located in the back of the eye. LASIK laser eye surgery (laser in-situ keratomileusis) is one of a number of different surgical techniques used to reshape the cornea.

The surgeon uses a knife called a microkeratome to cut a flap of corneal tissue, removes the targeted tissue beneath it with the laser, and then replaces the flap. LASIK is a suitable procedure for correcting the most severe refractive errors and there is generally a faster recovery time after LASIK than after PRK. In addition, LASIK patients can see well enough to drive immediately and have good vision within a week.

LASEK Laser Eye Surgery

LASEK laser eye surgery is a newer surgery that combines many of the benefits of older vision correction surgeries, explain doctors at The Cleveland Clinic.

Laser epithelial keratomileusis, or LASEK, combines benefits of the two most commonly performed procedures -- LASIK and PRK. LASEK laser eye surgery is used to treat astigmatism, nearsightedness or farsightedness.

Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery can repair the clouding over the lens of the eye that affects many people as they age. During cataract surgery, the affected lens is removed and replaced by a plastic, clear lens.

There are different surgical techniques used to remove the lens. One method of cataract surgery is called phacoemulsification (FAY-co-ee-mul-sih-fih-CAY-shun). Under local anesthesia, a surgeon uses high-frequency sound waves or ultrasound to break the lens into small pieces. The pieces are removed by suction through a small incision in the eye.

Eyelift Surgery (Blepharoplasty)

Some people have sagging skin around the eyes which can have a negative effect on facial features. It can also affect ones vision like reading driving nad writing.

Eyelift surgery is becoming one of the most popular plastic surgery procedures. This procedure removes the excess skin around the eyes for a more refreshed look.

Astigmatic Keratotomy (AK) Eye Surgery

Astigmatic keratotomy eye surgery is safe and effective, but in recent years has been largely replaced by LASIK, according to doctors from The Cleveland Clinic. People with mild prescriptions generally have the best success in obtaining normal vision after astigmatic keratotomy eye surgery. People with more severe astigmatisms may still require glasses or Contact Lenses after astigmatic keratotomy eye surgery.

Keratoplasty Eye Surgery (ALK)

Automated lamellar keratoplasty eye surgery, or ALK, is a surgical procedure used to correct vision in people with severe nearsightedness and mild degrees of farsightedness. ALK is no longer routinely performed due to more predictable results from other vision correction procedures.

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